Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion

Chapter 2

Divided into six main sections: Hygiene Promotion, Water Supply, Excreta Disposal, Vector Control, Solid Waste Management and Drainage.
PDF of Chapter 2 (PDF file 376 KB)

References:

International legal instruments

• Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2003), The Right to Water (article 11 and 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), CESCR General Comment 15, 26 November 2002, U.N. Doc. E/C.12/2002/11, Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. (PDF file 71.5 KB)
• United Nations Treaty Collection
• University of Minnesota Human Rights Library

General

• Adams, J (1999), Managing Water Supply and Sanitation in Emergencies. Oxfam GB. ISBN 0-85598-378-7 176 pp
• Cairncross, S and Feachem, R (1993), Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics: An Introductory Text (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK.
• Davis, J and Lambert, R (2002), Engineering in Emergencies: A Practical Guide for Relief Workers. Second Edition. RedR/IT Publications, London. 718pp ISBN: 1-85339-521-8
• Drouarty, Eric and Vouillamoz, Jean-Michel (1999), Alimentation en eau des populations menacées Hermann, Paris. 565 p. ISBN 2 7056 6386 X
• IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, Netherlands.
• Website
• Documentation, publications and information
• MSF (1994), Public Health Engineering in Emergency Situations. First Edition. Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris.
• UNHCR (1999), Handbook for Emergencies. Second Edition. UNHCR. Geneva. (PDF file 2.25 MB)
• Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), Loughborough University, UK:
• Homepage
• Publications website
• WHO Health Library for Disasters (HELID)
• WHO Water, Sanitation and Health (WSH) Index
• WSH catalogue of information products (PDF file 1 MB)

Sanitary Surveys

• AR Lawrence, DMJ MacDonald, AG Howard, M H Barrett, S Pedley, K M Ahmed, M Nalubega. (2001), ARGOSS Manual - Guidelines for assessing the risk to groundwater from on-site sanitation (via British Geological Survey website). CR 01 142, British Geological Survey.

Gender

• Chancellor, F, Hussein, M, Lidonde R A, Mustafa D, Van Wijk C. (2003), The Gender and Water Development Report 2003: Gender Perspectives on Policies in the Water Sector. Edited by Appleton, B and Smout, I. Gender and Water Alliance. ISBN 1 84380 021 7, 122pp. (PDF file 1.04 MB)
• WCRWC/UNICEF (1998), The Gender Dimensions of Internal Displacement. Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children. New York. (PDF file 194 KB)

Hygiene Promotion

• Almedom, A, Blumenthal, U and Manderson, L (1997), Hygiene Evaluation Procedures: Approaches and Methods for Assessing Water- and Sanitation-Related Hygiene Practices. International Nutrition Foundation for Developing Countries. Available from Intermediate Technology Publications.
• Benenson, AS, ed. (1995), Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 16th Edition. American Public Health Association.
• Ferron, S, Morgan, J and O’Reilly, M (2000), Hygiene Promotion: A Practical Manual for Relief and Development. Oxfam GB. Intermediate Technology Development Group Publishing. ISBN 1 85339 505 6.

Water Supply

• Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO):
• FAO Publications webpage
• House, S and Reed, R (1997), Emergency Water Sources: Guidelines for Selection and Treatment (via WEDC website). WEDC, Loughborough University, UK.

Water Quality

• WHO (2003), Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Draft third edition. Geneva.

Excreta Disposal

• Harvey, PA, Baghri, S and Reed, RA (2002), Emergency Sanitation, Assessment and Programme Design (via WEDC website). WEDC, Loughborough University, UK. ISBN 1 84380 005 5. (PDF file 500 KB)
• Pickford, J (2001), Low Cost Sanitation: A Survey of Practical Experience. IT Publications, London. ISBN 1853392332
• Parry-Jones, S and Pickford, J Low-cost Sanitation in Areas With Shallow Groundwater (via WELL website), WELL.

Vector Control

• Hunter, P (1997), Waterborne Disease: Epidemiology and Ecology. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK. 384 pp.
• Lacarin, CJ and Reed, RA (1999), Emergency Vector Control Using Chemicals (via WEDC website). WEDC, Loughborough, UK. (PDF file 3.93 MB)
• Thomson, M (1995), Disease Prevention Through Vector Control: Guidelines for Relief Organisations. Oxfam GB. OXFAM Practical Guide No. 10. 127p
• UNHCR (1997), Vector and Pest Control in Refugee Situations. UNHCR. Programme and Technical Support Section, Geneva, 104pp.
• Warrell, D and Gilles, H, eds (2002), Essential Malariology. Fourth Edition. Arnold, London. ISBN 0-340-74064-7, 384pp
• WHO (1997) Chemical methods for the control of vectors and pests of public health importance. WHO/CTD/WHOPES/97.2, World Health Organisation, Division of Control of Tropical, Geneva. 136pp
• WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES), (2000) Guidelines for the Purchase of Public Health Pesticides (via WHO webpage). WHO/CDS/WHOPES/2000.1 World Health Organization, Geneva. (PDF file 32.9 KB)

See:
• WHO pesticide specifications and quality control standards
• WHO Specifications for Pesticides Used in Public Health - Following the New Procedure
• Or: WHO Specifications for Pesticides Used in Public Health — Based on the Old Procedure: Full Specifications and Interim Specifications

Solid Waste

• USAID (1982), Designing a Landfill (Technical Note no. SAN.3.D.1), Water For The World Technical Notes [Full series of 160 documents], former Development Information Center of the US Agency for International Development (AID) (made available online by Lifewater International)
• Lifewater International
• Resources section
• The International Solid Waste Association (ISWA)
• Downloads of publications and annual reports

Medical Waste

• Prüss A, Giroult E, Rushbrook P, eds. (1999), Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities (via WHO website). Geneva, WHO.
• WHO (2000), Aide-Memoire: for a National Strategy for Health-Care Waste Management. Geneva.
• WHO: Health waste management
• WHO: Injection Safety

Drainage

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1980), Design Manual: On-Site Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems, Report EPA-600/2-78-173. Cincinnati. (PDF file 23.3 MB)
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2002) Onsite Wastewater Treatment and Disposal System and Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual [CD-ROM] EPA/625/R-00/008. (PDF file 20.4 MB)