Food Security, Nutrition and Food Aid

Chapter 3

Divided into four sections: 1) Food Security and Nutrition Assessment and Analysis standards, 2) Food Security standards, 3) Nutrition standards and 4) Food Aid standards. While the Food Security and Nutrition standards are a practical expression of the right to food, the Food Aid standards are more operationally focused. The Food Aid standards can contribute towards the achievement of both the Food Security and Nutrition standards.
PDF of Chapter 3 (PDF file 620 KB)

References:

International Legal Instruments

United National Economic and Social Council (1999), The Right to Adequate Food (via Human Rights Library, Minnesota website) (Article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), CESCR General Comment 12, 12 May 1999: UN Doc E/C 12/1999/5.
Cotula, L and Vidar, M (2002), Right to Adequate Food in Emergencies (via FAO website), The FAO Legislative Study 77, Food and Agricultural Organisation Legal Office, Rome.
Pejic, J (2001), The Right to Food in Situations of Armed Conflict: The Legal Framework. International Review of the Red Cross, vol 83, no 844 p1097-1110. Geneva. (PDF file 86.4 KB)
UN Commission on Human Rights (2002), The Right to Food. Report by the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Ziegler, submitted in accordance with Commission on Human Rights Resolution 2001/25 and General Assembly Resolution of 2001/25. E/CN. 4/2002/58. United National Economic and Social Council (PDF file 180 KB)
United Nations General Assembly (2001), The Right to Food. Note by the Secretary-General. Preliminary Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food of the Commission on Human Rights. Ziegler, J. A/56/210. (PDF file 263 KB)

Food Security Assessment

CARE (2003), Managing Risks, Improving Livelihoods: Program Guidelines for Conditions of Chronic Vulnerability (2^nd Edn) (via Global Development Group website). CARE East/ Central Africa Regional Management Unit. Nairobi. With TANGO International Inc. (PDF file 758 KB)
Frieze, J (in press), Food Security Assessment Guidelines. Oxfam, GB. Oxford.
Longley, C, Dominguez, C, Saide, MA and Leonardo, WJ (2002), Do Farmers Need Relief Seed? A Methodology for Assessing Seed Systems. Disasters, 26(4), 343-355
Mourey, A (1999), Assessing and Monitoring the Nutritional Situation. ICRC. Geneva.
Seaman, J, Clark, P, Boudreau, T and Holt, J (2000), The Household Economy Approach: A Resource Manual for Practitioners (via Save The Children website). Development Manual 6. Save the Children. London.
USAID (2002). Field Operations Guidelines for Assessment and Response (FOG). Version 3.0. (PDF file 901 KB)
WFP (2000), Food and Nutrition Handbook. World Food Programme, Rome.
WFP (2002), Emergency Field Operations Pocketbook (via Reliefweb). World Food Programme of the United Nations. Rome. (PDF file 939 KB)
Young, H, Jaspars, S, Brown, R, Frize, J and Khogali, H (2001), Food Security Assessments in Emergencies: A Livelihoods Approach. HPN Network Paper 36. Overseas Development Institute. London. (PDF file 469 KB)

Food Security Information Systems

Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET)
Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Information and Mapping Systems (FIVIMS)
Global Information and Early Warning System on Food and Agriculture (GIEWS), Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.
The Food Economy Group

Anthropometric Assessment

Collins, S, Duffield A, and Myatt M (2000), Adults: Assessment of Nutritional Status in Emergency-Affected Populations. Refugee Nutrition Information System (RNIS) supplement, United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) (formerly ACC Subcommittee on Nutrition),Geneva. (PDF file 301 KB)
United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) (2001), Assessment of Adult Undernutrition in Emergencies. Report of an SCN working group on emergencies special meeting in SCN News 22, pp49-51, (formerly ACC Subcommittee on Nutrition), Geneva. (PDF file 2.14 MB)
Woodruff, B and Duffield, A (2000), Adolescents: Assessment of Nutritional Status on Emergency-Affected Populations, Refugee Nutrition Information System (RNIS) supplement, United Nations System Standing Committee on Nutrition (SCN) (formerly ACC Subcommittee on Nutrition), Geneva. (PDF file 636 KB)
Young, H and Jaspars S (1995), Nutrition Matters: People, Food and Famine, Intermediate Technology Publications. London. ISBN: 185339243X
Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions Program (SMART)

Food Security Interventions

Alidri, P, Doorn, Jv., El-Zoghbi, M, Houtart, M, Larson, D, Nagarajan, D, Tsilikounas, C. (2002), Introduction to Microfinance in Conflict-Affected Communities: A Training Programme. International Labour Organization and UNHCR.
Catholic Relief Service (2002), Seed Vouchers and Fairs: A Manual for Seed-Based Agricultural Recovery in Africa (via Food Aid management website). Catholic Relief Services, in collaboration with Overseas Development Institute and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics. (PDF file 1.03 MB)
Catley, A, Blakeway, S and Leyland, T (2002). Community-Based Animal Healthcare. A Practical Guide to Improving Primary Veterinary Services. Intermediate Technology Development Group Publishing. London ISBN 1853394858
Johnson, D (1998), Distributing Seeds and Tools in Emergencies. Skills and Practice Series, Oxfam Publishing. Oxford. ISBN 0-85598-383-3
Lumsden, S and Naylor, E (in press). Cash-For-Work Programming. A Practical Guide. Oxfam GB. Oxford.
Nagarajan, G (1999), Microfinance in Post-Conflict Situations: Towards Guiding Principles for Action. Joint ILO/UNHCR Technical Workshop: Microfinance in Post-Conflict Countries. 15-17 September, 1999.
Powers, L (2002), Livestock Interventions: Important Principles for OFDA (via USAID website). Office of US Foreign Disaster Assistance, USAID. Washington. (PDF file 255 KB)
Remington, T, Maroko, J, Walsh, S, Omanga, P and Charles, E (2002), Getting Off the Seeds-and-Tools Treadmill with CRS Seed Vouchers and Fairs. Disasters, 26(4),316-328.

General emergency nutrition manuals

Prudhon, C (2002), Assessment and Treatment of Malnutrition in Emergency Situations: Manual of Therapeutic Care and Planning for a Nutritional programme, Action Contre la Faim, Paris.
UNHCR/UNICEF/WFP/WHO (2002), Food and Nutrition Needs in Emergencies. Geneva.
WFP (2000), Food and Nutrition Handbook. Rome
WHO (2000), The Management of Nutrition in Major Emergencies. Geneva

At-Risk Groups

FAO/WHO (2003), Living Well with HIV/AIDS (via FAO website). A manual on Nutritional Care and Support for People Living with HIV/AIDS. Rome.104 pp
HelpAge International (2001), Addressing the Nutritional Needs of Older People in Emergency Situations in Africa: Ideas for Action. Africa Regional Development Centre, Nairobi. (PDF file 238 KB)
Piwoz, E and Preble E (2000), HIV/AIDS and Nutrition: a Review of the Literature and Recommendations for Nutritional Care and Support in Sub-Saharan Africa. Academy for Educational Development, SARA II Project - funded by United States Government Agency for International Development (USAID). Contract no. AOT-C-00-99-00-237-00. (PDF file 2.14 MB)
Winstock, A (1994), The Practical Management of Eating and Drinking Difficulties in Children. Winslow Press: Bicester, Oxon.

Infant and Young Child Feeding

Ad Hoc Group on Infant Feeding in Emergencies (1999), Infant Feeding in Emergencies: Policy, Strategy and Practice (compiled and produced by the Emergency Nutrition Network).
ENN, IBFAN, Terre des hommes, UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO, WFP (2004), Infant Feeding in Emergencies. Module 2 for health and nutrition workers in emergency situations (Version 1.0) (via Emergency Nutrition Network). London.
FAO/WHO (1997) Codex Standard for Infant Formula, Codex STAN 72-1981 Codex Alimentarius, Volume 4: Foods for Special Dietary Uses, Second Edition. Amendment 4, Rome. (Currently under revision).
Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies Core Group (2007), Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies Operational Guidance. Version 2.1 (via Emergency Nutrition Network). London.
UNHCR (2006), UNHCR Policy Related to The Acceptance, Distribution and use of Milk Products in Refugee Settings (Revised edition)
WHO/UNICEF/LINKAGES/IBFAN/ENN (2001), Infant Feeding in Emergencies: Module 1 for Emergency Relief Staff (Revision 1) (via Emergency Nutrition Network).
WHO (1981), The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (via International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN))

Therapeutic feeding

WHO (1999), Management of Severe Malnutrition: A Manual for Physicians and Other senior Health Workers (via WHO webpage). Geneva. ISBN 92 4 154511 9. (PDF file 1.38 MB)

Micronutrient deficiencies

ICCIDD/UNICEF/WHO (2001), Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring Their Elimination: A Guide for Programme Managers, Second edition (via WHO webpage). Geneva WHO/NHD/01.1 (PDF file 1.20 MB)
UNICEF/UNU/WHO (2001), Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention and Control. A Guide for Programme Managers (via WHO webpage). Geneva WHO/MHD/01.3 (PDF file 579 KB)
WHO (1997), Vitamin A Supplements: A Guide to Their Use in the Treatment and Prevention of Vitamin A Deficiency and Xeropthalmia. Second Edition. Geneva ISBN 92 4 154506 2
WHO (1999), Scurvy and Its Prevention and Control in Major Emergencies (via WHO webpage). WHO/NHD/99.11 Geneva. (PDF file 250 KB)
WHO (1999), Thiamine Deficiency and Its Prevention and Control in Major Emergencies (via WHO webpage). WHO/NHD/99.13 Geneva. (PDF file 186 KB)
WHO (2000), Pellagra and Its Prevention and Control in Major Emergencies (via WHO webpage). WHO/NHD/00.10, Geneva. (PDF file 106 KB)

Food aid

Jaspars, S, and Young, H (1995), General Food Distribution in Emergencies: From Nutritional Needs to Political Priorities. Good Practice Review 3. Relief and Rehabilitation Network, Overseas Development Institute. London. (PDF file 287 KB)
OMNI (1994), Micronutrient Fortification and Enrichment of PL480 Title II Commodities.
UNHCR/UNICEF/WFP/WHO (2002), Food and Nutrition Needs in Emergencies. Geneva.
WFP (2002), Emergency Field Operations Pocketbook (via Reliefweb). World Food Programme, Rome. (PDF file 939 KB)
WFP (2000), Food and Nutrition Handbook. World Food Programme, Rome.